1. Harshe (Language)

(a)                 Ƙa’idojin Rubutu (Orthography) – alphabetization; spelling; rules of word              merger   and         division; punctuation, paragraphing; all in line with standard Hausa.

(b)                 Auna Fahimta (Comprehension)  – contextual questions from short unseen passages of about 200 words.

(c)                 Tsarin Rubutun Insha’i

(Composition/Letter Writing Techniques)

Candidates should be able to:

i.    recognize the basic Hausa orthographical rules; ii.  apply the Hausa orthographical rules;

iii. identify linguistic errors, such as grammar, wrong choice of words, wrong spelling etc.

i.   read written Hausa texts; ii.  comprehend a given Hausa text;

iii.   interpret various meanings and functions of words in a given text;

iv.   acquire sufficient vocabulary;

v.     recognize central issues in a given text;

vi.   draw conclusions based on available evidence in  a given text.

i.     acquire the knowledge of the techniques of   composition writing in Hausa;

ii.   recognize the different segments of composition in Hausa;

iii. recognize         the          different                 types           of            Hausa composition.

iii. Matsalolin fassara

(e)    Tsarin Sauti (Phonology)

i.         consonants – production and classification in terms of phonation, place and manner of articulation;

ii.       vowels – production and classification in terms of position of tongue and lips; monophthongs and dipthongs;

iii.     tone – e.g. high, low and falling tones;

iv.     syllable structure – syllable types,

e.g. open and close syllables, light and heavy, syllables, syllabic categories of words – monosyllabic, disyllabic, etc.

v.    vowel length – long and short vowels;

vi.  phonological processes – e.g.

assimilatory: palatalization, labialization and vowel harmony; non-assimilatory: insertion and deletion.

(f)     Ƙirar Kalma (Morphology)

i.         roots and stems;

ii.       affixation – e.g. prefix, infix suffix and their derivational and inflectional functions;

iii.     gender and number inflections; iv. derivation of nouns and adjectives from verbs; adjectives and verbs from nouns.

(g)    Ginin Jumla (Syntax):

i.   word classes – e.g. nouns,     pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions,

interjections and ideophones;

ii.  recognize the different types of translation; iii. understand the basic techniques of translating proverbial and idiomatic expressions and new words into Hausa;

iv. identify the problems of translation into Hausa.

i.       analyse the process  of sound production and combination of sounds to form meaningful words in Hausa;

ii.     appraise the importance of vowels in determining word meaning;

iii.   distinguish between the phonetic attributes of sounds;

iv.    recognize the number of syllables and their types in a word;

v.      appraise the importance of vowels in determining meaning;

vi.    analyse the phonological processes in Hausa.

i.        explain the inflectional process in Hausa word formation;

ii.      explain the derivational process of word formation in Hausa;

iii.    differentiate between the two morphological processes.

i.   analyse the process governing word combination to form phrases; clauses and sentences in Hausa;

iii.     sentence structure – e.g. verbal sentence, nominal phrase + verbal phrase and their components, nonverbal sentence: nominal phrase + stabilizer, nominal phrase+ compliment + stabilizer, nominal phrases + continuous frame (yana../yake…) (+da) + nominal phrase;

iv.     sentence types – e.g. simple sentences, compound sentences and

complex sentences;

v.       clauses – types (e.g. relative and subjunctive); functions (e.g. main and subordinate).

(h)  Ma’ana (Semantics)

i.   lexical aspects of word meaning –

e.g.      ambiguity,      synonym      and

antonym;

ii.  figures of speech – aspects of specialized meanings of words and phrases.

(2) Al’adu (Culture)

(a) Rayuwar Hausawa

(Hausa Rite de Passage)

i.         haihuwa (birth) –ɗaukar ciki da goyon ciki da haihuwa da shayarwa da al’adun makon haihuwa da wanka da ɓanti da yaye da kaciya da samartaka;

ii.       aure (marriage) – ire-irensa da nema

v.       construct meaningful sentences for effective communication;

vi.     use the appropriate tenses in spoken and written Hausa;

vii.   use the appropriate gender and number in spoken and written Hausa;

viii. differentiate between types of sentence structure;

ix.     distinguish between nominal and verbal phrase;

x.       distinguish between types of sentences;

xi.     compare types of clauses.

i.        analyse the mechanisms of generating meanings in Hausa;

ii.      build up their vocabulary;

iii.    distinguish between the speech sounds of the language to reflect the acceptable grammar;

iv.     recognize the significance of punctuation rules;

v.       recognize the various meanings and functions of sentences in communication;

vi.     use words and sentences suitable for a particular purpose;

vii.   construct meaningful sentences for effective communication.

Lallai ne waɗanda za su rubuta jarabawa su iya:

i.         bayyana al’adun da ke tattare da ɗaukar ciki har zuwa samartaka;

ii.       bayyana tsarin zamani akan haihuwa;

iii.     bayyana al’adun neman aure har zuwa zawarci;

iii.     mutuwa (death) – faɗar mutuwa da wanka da salla da jana’iza da zaman makoki da sadaka da takaba da gado

iv.     tasirin zamani akan rayuwar Hausawa

(b)    Zamantakewa

(Social Institutions)

i.          tsarin zaman iyali da zaman gandu da dangantakar                kishiyoyi        da            ‘yan uwantaka da barantaka da agolanci;

ii.        maƙwabtaka;

iii.      aikin gandu da na gayya; iv.   abota da ƙawance;

v.       gaisuwa da karimci;

vi.     tasirin zamani a kan zamantakewa.

(c)     Sana’o’in Gargajiya (Traditional

Occupations)

i.          ire-iren su – noma da ƙira da jima da kasuwanci da wanzanci da sassaƙa da farauta da dukanci da saƙa da kitso da rini da fawa da fafar ƙorai, da sauransu;

ii.        yanayinsu – hanyoyin gadon su da kayayyakin yin su da matakan tafiyar da su da muhimmancinsu;

iii.      kayayyaki ko amfanin da suke samarwa;

iv.       sarautunsu;

v.         sana’o’i masu dangantaka da jinsi –               aikatau da ƙwadago; kitso da aski.;        vi.  tasirin zamani a kan sana’o’in               gargajiya.

(d)    Kayayyakin Buƙatun Rayuwa (Material

Culture)

i.          na buƙatun cikin gida (household) – tufafi da karikitan cikin gida;

ii.        na sauran buƙatu (others) – gine-gine da girke-girke da sauransu;

iii.      tasirin zamani a kan kayayyakin buƙatuwa.

iv.     bayyana tasirin zamani akan aure;

v.       bayyana hanyoyin faɗar mutuwa zuwa rabon gado;

vi.     bayyana tasirin zamani akan mutuwa; vii.  tantance ma’ana da ire-iren tasirin zamani.

i.         bayyana tsarin dangantaka da ma’amala tsakanin

iyali;

ii.       bayyana mahimmancin zamantakewa tsakanin Hausawa;

iii.     tantance ire-iren tasirin zamani a kan al’adun zamantakewa.

i.   tantance ɗabi’un masu sana’a; ii.   tantance kayayyakin da ake sana’antawa; iii.   tantance sana’o’in maza da na mata; iv.   zayyana kayayyakin sana’o’in;

v.   tantance hanyoyin gadon sana’o’in; vi.   zayyana amfanin kayayyakin sana’a; vii.  bayyana sarautun sana’o’in; viii. bambanta sana’o’in  maza da na mata; ix.   bayyana muhimmancin sana’o’in;

x.    tantance tasirin zamani akan sana’o’in.

i.         tantance kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwar Bahaushe;

ii.       tantance amfanin kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwar Bahaushe;

iii.     tantance tsarin zamani a kan kayayyakin buƙatu.

(e)                Bukukuwa da Wasanni               (Cultural Festivities):

i.         na addini (religious) – irin su bikin salla da takutaha (sallar gani) da cikaciki da saukar karatu;

ii.       na gargajiya (traditional) – irin su kalankuwa da buɗar dawa, da bikin shan kabewa;

iii.     na sana’a (occupational) – bikin kamun kifi da dambe da kokawa da wasan farauta da wasan maƙera da hawan ƙaho;

iv.     na nishaɗi – sukuwa;

v.       na yara (children’s games) –irin su  shalle da kulli-kurciya da a-sharuwan-tsuntsaye da gaɗa da carafke;

vi.     tasirin zamani kan bukukuwa da wasanni.

(f)                 Camfe-camfe da Bauta

(Traditional Beliefs and Worship):

i.         camfe-camfe irinsu kangida da camfi,       da kambun baka; ii.  bauta irin su bori da maita da tsafi; iii. tasirin zamani a kan camfe-camfe da       bauta.

(g)                Sarautun Gargajiya (Traditional

Authority)

i.         ire-iren su – sarki da hakimai da dagatai da masu unguwanni;

ii.       na bayin sarki – shantali da jakadiya da baraya da sauransu;

iii.     masu alaƙa da addini; irin su liman da alƙali;

iv.     ayyukansu.

(h)                Magungunan Gargajiya

(Traditional Medicine)

i.         ire-iren su

na gargajiya: sassaƙe-sassaƙe da sauyoyi da na gari da na ruwa;

ii.       na addini: layu da rubutu da ɗibbu da

i.         zayyana         ire-iren   wasanni da         bukukuwan Hausawa;

ii.       nuna mahimancinsu;

iii.     nuna yadda za a adana su kar su ɓace;

iv.     nuna yadda ake gudanar da su;

v.       nuna tasirin zamani a kan bukukuwa da wasanni.

i.   tantance ire-ire da hanyoyin aiwatar da su; ii.   bayyana amfaninsu; iii.  bayyana rashin amfaninsu. iv.   bayyana tasirin zamani a kansu.

i.         zayyana su ta fuskar ire-iren muƙamai;

ii.       zayyana hawa-hawan muƙami;

iii.     tantance aikin kowane mai muƙami;

iv.     tantance mahimmancin kowane muƙami.

i.          karkasa ire-iren magunguna;

ii.       hanyar amfani da su – sha da shafawa da surace da turare da shaƙawa da taunawa da tsotsawa da ɗaurawa da

liƙawa da ratayawa;

iii.     awo da kimantawa;

iv.     ayyukansu – riga-kafi da warkarwa;

v.       tasirin zamani a kansu

(3) Adabi (Literature)

I. Adabin Baka 

(Oral Literature)

(a)     Zuben Baka (Narratives):

Irin su tatsuniya da almara da hikaya da ƙissa da tarihi.

(b)     Maganganun Azanci (Folk – sayings); Irin su take da kirari da habaici da zambo da karin magana da kacici-kacici da salon magana da adon harshe.

(c)     Waƙoƙi  na baka (Oral songs):

i.         ire-iren su – na fada da na jama’a da na maza da na sha’awa da sauransu:

ii.       jigo da salo da zubi da tsari da mawaƙi da kayan kiɗa da abin da aka waƙe.

iii.     waƙoƙin aiki: na niƙa da daɓe da na daka da na talla da sauransu;

iv.     Waƙoƙin yara (maza da mata); na aure da na dandali da sauransu;

(d)     Wasannin           Kwaikwayo          Na              Gargajiya

(Traditional Drama):

i.         Na yara:

– ire-iren su langa da wasan ’yartsana da tashe da wasan gauta da dokin kara da sauransu; –  yadda ake yin su.

iii.

v.

Lall

i. ii.

i.                 ii.

i.

ii.

iii.

i. ii.

iii.

i. ii. iii.

tantance nau ‘o’in zuben baka; amfani da kalmomin da suka dace da kan labari.

tantance sigogi da bayyana hanyoyin amfani da su; naƙalta da amfani da kalmomin da suka dace da maganganun azanci.

tantance ire-iren waƙoƙin baka;

tantance masu yin ire-iren waƙoƙin;

rarrabe siga da jigo da salo da zubi da kayayyakin aiwatar da su.

tantance nau’o’in waƙoƙin aiki; tantance masu yin waƙoƙin aiki; bambance sigogin waƙoƙin yara.

tantance sigogin wasannin                 kwaikwayo           na gargajiya.

tantance hanyoyin              gudanar da                 wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya; tantance muhimmancin wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya;

ii.   Na manya:

–          ire-iren su ‘yan kama da kalankuwa da hoto da wowwo da

tashe, da sauransu;

–          yadda ake yin su;

–          muhimmancinsu

II. Rubutaccen Adabi 

(Written Literature)

Zube (Prose)

i.          Kome Nisan Dare  

Waƙa (Poetry)

i.   Waƙoƙin Mu’azu Haɗeja

Wasan Kwaikwayo (Drama)

i. Kulɓa Na Ɓarna

Lallai ne masu ɗaukar jarabawa su iya:

i.        tantance siga da tsari da jigo da salo da taurarin cikin littafin zube tare da nazarin su;

ii.      naƙaltar ƙa’idojin rubutu yayin karanta rubutun zube;

iii.    naƙaltar ma’anonin kalmomi da na jumloli domin fahimtar labari;

iv.     tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin labari da yanke hukunci game da labarin.

i.        fahimtar jigo da salo da siga da zubi wajen nazarin zaɓaɓɓiyar waƙa;

ii.      yin la’akari da ƙa’idojin rubutu musamman na waƙa;

iii.    tantance ma’anonin kalmomi da na jumloli wajen nazarin waƙa;

iv.     danganta amfani da kalmomi da jumloli da saƙon waƙa;

v.       tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin waƙa da yanke hukunci game da ita.

i. tantance yanayin wurin wasa da jigo da salo da ‘yan wasa da siga da tsarin rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo da aka zaɓa don nazari;

iii.    naƙaltar ma’anar kalmomi domin fahimtar wasa; iv. tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin wasa da yanke hukunci game da saƙonnin.