2.

3.

a.               Power, Authority, Legitimacy,

Sovereignty;

b.               Society, State, Nation, Nation-State;

c.               Political Processes;

Political Socialization, Political Participation, Political Culture.

Forms of Government:

Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Autocracy, Republicanism, Democracydefinitions, features, merits and demerits.

Arms of Government:

a.        The Legislature – types, structure, functions, powers;

b.       The Executive – types, functions, powers;

c.        The Judiciary – functions, powers, components.

i.                     identify the fundamental concepts in governance;

ii.                   analyse various political processes;

Candidates should be able to:

i.              distinguish between different forms of government.

Candidates should be able to:

i.     identify the duties and obligations of

the various arms of government and their agencies;

ii.   relate each arm to its functions; iii.      appreciate how these arms interrelates.

4.       Structures of Governance:

a.                    Unitary – features, reasons for

adoption, merits and demerits

b.                   Federal – features, reasons for

adoption, merits and demerits

c.                    Confederal – features, reasons for adoption, merits and demerits.

5.       Systems of Governance:

Presidential, Parliamentary and Monarchical.

6.       Political Ideologies:

Communalism, Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, Totalitarianism, Fascism, Nazism.

7.       Constitution:

Meaning, Sources, Functions, Types Written, Unwritten, Rigid and Flexible.

8.       Principles of Democratic Government: Ethics and Accountability in Public Office, Separation of Power, Checks and Balances, Individual and Collective Responsibility, Constitutionalism, Rule of Law, Representative Government.

9.       Processes of Legislation:

Legislative Enactments – acts, edicts, bye-laws, delegated legislation, decrees.

10.    Citizenship:

a.                    Meaning, types;

b.                   Citizenship rights;

c.                    Dual citizenship, renunciation, deprivation;

d.                   Duties and obligations of citizens;

e.                    Duties and obligations of the

state.

11.    The Electoral Process:

a.                    Suffrage – evolution, types;

b.                   Election – types, ingredients of free and fair election;

c.                    Electoral System –  types, advantages and disadvantages of each;

d.                   Electoral Commission – functions, problems.

i. compare the various political structures of governance.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                    distinguish between the different

systems of governance.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     differentiate between the major

political ideologies; ii.        contrast modes of production,

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     Define and identify sources and

functions of constitutions;

ii.                   compare the nature of constitutions.

Candidates should be able to:

i. identify the principles of democratic government; ii. determine the application of these

principles;

Candidates should be able to:

i. analyse the processes involved in the making of laws.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     differentiate between the various methods of acquiring citizenship;

ii.                   specify the rights and responsibilities of a citizen;

iii.                 assess the obligations of the state.

Candidates should be able to:

i. distinguish the different types of franchise ii. identify and explain the types of

electoral systems

iii.           analyse the various electoral processes.

a.        Political parties – Definition,

Organization, functions.

b.       Party Systems – Definition, organization, functions.

13.    Pressure Groups:

a.        Definition, types, functions and modes of operation.

b.       Differences between Pressure Groups and Political Parties.

14.    Public Opinion:

a.        Meaning,                      formation                       and measurement.

b.       Functions and limitations.

15.    The Civil Service:

Definition, characteristics, functions, structure, control and problems.

PART  II POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

1.       Pre – colonial Polities:

Pre-jihad Hausa, Emirate, Tiv, Igbo,

Yoruba

a.        Their structural organization;

b.       The functions of their various political institutions.

2.       Imperialist Penetration:

a.        The British process of acquisition – trade, missionary activities, company rule, crown colony, protectorate;

b.       The British colonial administrative

policy – direct and indirect rule;

c.        The French colonial administrative policy – assimilation and association;

d.       Impact of British colonial rule-

economic, political, socio-cultural;

e.        Comparison of British and French colonial administration.

i.      assess the role of political parties; ii.        distinguish between types of party systems.

Candidates should be able to:

i. evaluate the functions and the modus operandi of pressure groups; ii. distinguish between pressure groups

and political parties.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     compare methods of assessing public opinion;

ii.                   assess the functions of public opinion; iii.    analyse the limitations of public opinion.

Candidates should be able to:

i. analyse the significance of civil service in governance.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     appreciate the effectiveness of the precolonial political systems;

ii.                   compare pre-colonial systems of governance.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     trace the processes of imperialist penetration;

ii.                   assess the impact of British and French policies;

iii.                 distinguish between British and French colonial practices.

a.    Nationalism – Meaning, Types;

5.

6.

7.

8.

goals, strategies;

c.        Nationalist Leaders – Herbert

Macaulay, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, Ahmadu Bello, Ladipo Solanke, Aminu Kano, J. S.

Tarka, Tafawa Balewa and others;

d.       Emergence of nationalist parties;

e.        Influence of external factors.

Constitutional Development in Nigeria: a.             Hugh Clifford Constitution (1922)

b.                   Arthur Richards Constitution (1946)

c.                    John Macpherson Constitution (1951)

d.                   Oliver Lyttleton Constitution (1954)

e.                    Independence Constitution (1960)         Their features, merits and demerits.

Post – Independence Constitutions:

1963, 1979, 1989 and 1999– characteristics and shortcomings.

Institutions of Government in the Post – Independence Nigeria:

a.        The Legislative – structure, functions and working.

b.       The Executive – structure, functions and workings.

c.        The Judiciary – structure, functions and workings.

Public Commissions Established by the 1979 and Subsequent Constitutions:

The Civil Service Commission, the Public Complaints Commission, Electoral Commissions, National Boundary Commission and others – objectives functions and problems .

Political Parties and Party Politics in Post-Independence Nigeria: a. First Republic

b.       Second Republic

c.        Third Republic

d.       Fourth Republic

– Evolution, membership spread, structure etc.

i. evaluate the process of decolonization; ii. assess the roles of nationalist leaders and parties;

iii. assess the impact of external forces and ideas (Pan-Africanism, Back–to–Africa Movements, Second World War etc).

Candidates should be able to:

i.              compare the various constitutional developments.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                   assess the workings of the various

constitutions.

Candidates should be able to:

i. evaluate the operations of the arms of government and their agencies, e.g the civil service, armed forces, police, courts and others.

Candidates should be able to:

i. evaluate the operations of public commissions; ii. assess the problems of the Public

Commissions  and their constraints.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     contrast political processes in the republics;

ii.                   evaluate the ideologies, structure and composition of the political parties.

Nigerian Federalism:

a.        Rationale for a Federal System;

b.       Tiers of government and their

relationship;

c.        Creation of States – 1963, 1967,

1976, 1987, 1991, 1996;

d.       Problems of Nigerian Federalism – census, revenue allocation, conflicts etc. solutions e.g. Federal character, etc.

10.    Public Corporations and Parastatals:

a.        Definition, types, purpose and

functions;

b.       Finance, control and problems;

c.        Deregulation, privatization, commercialization – objectives, features, merits and demerits;

d.       Comparison between public corporations and parastatals.

11.    Local Government:

a.        Local government administration

prior to 1976;

b.       Features of local government reforms (1976, 1989) – structure, functions, finance and inter-governmental relations;

c.        Traditional rulers and local

governments;

d.       Problems of local government administration in Nigeria.

12.    The Military in Nigerian Politics

a.        Factors that led to military

intervention;

b.       Structure of military regimes;

c.        Impact of military rule – political, e.g creation of states, introduction of unitary system (Unification Decree NO. 34) etc. economic, e.g SAP, etc.

d.       Processes of military disengagement.

i.      examine the workings of Nigerian federalism; ii.                identify its problems; iii. evaluate the corrective measure adopted.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     examine the operations of public corporations and parastatals;

ii.                   identify the processes involved in

privatization and commercialization;

iii.                 assess the economic importance of privatization and commercialization.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     trace the evolution and structure of local government;

ii.                   identify the major problems faced by local governments.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     evaluate the reasons given for military intervention;

ii.                   assess the achievements of military rule;

iii.                 determine the conditions that necessitated withdrawal from governance.

2.

3.

4.

1.

–

NIGERIA’S RELATIONS WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

Foreign Policy:

– Definition, purpose, determining factors; formulation and implementation.

Nigeria’s Foreign Policy:

a.                    Relations with major powers;

b.                   Relations with developing

countries, e.g the Technical Aid Corps (TAC), etc.

c.                    Nigeria’s Non-Alignment Policy.

Relations with African Countries:

a.        Africa as the “centre piece” of Nigeria’s forieign policy – guiding principles, implementation and

implications;

b.       NEPAD – origin, objectives and implications.

Nigeria in International Organizations a.             The United Nations;

b.       The Commonwealth;

c.        The Organization of African Unity;

d.       The African Union;

e.        The Economic Community of West

African States (ECOWAS);

f.        The Organization of Petroleum

Exporting Countries (OPEC).

PART IV:  INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:

International Organizations:

a.        ECOWAS;

b.       OAU, AU;

c.        Commonwealth;

d.       OPEC;

e.        UNO;

f.        African                         Petroleum                       Producers

Association;

Origin, objectives, structure, functions, achievements, problems and prospects of these organizations.

i. Define foreign policy, identify and explain its determinants

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     identify the major objectives of Nigeria’s foreign policy.

ii.                   analyse Nigeria’s non-aligned posture.

Candidates should be able to:

i.    evaluate the role of Nigeria in continental affairs; ii.           assess the role of NEPAD in developing Africa.

Candidates should be able to:

i.              analyse the dynamics of Nigeria’s involvement                              in                   international

organizations; ii.        assess their contribution to the

development of Nigeria.

Candidates should be able to:

i.                     evaluate the operations of  these international organizations;

ii.                   assess the role of these organizations in world affairs; iii.        appreciate the challenges of these organizations and how they can be overcome.